Bee Variety Assortment
Away from 2009 to 2018, 192 bee kinds (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) had been caught in the Calanques National Park through one another net and dish pitfall selections. They belonged in order to six parents and you can 38 genera. Megachilidae is probably the most species-steeped friends, followed by Apidae and you may Halictidae, with 53, 44, and you can 43 types, correspondingly. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 was the newest wealthiest genus, with 33 types, while 7 genera have been depicted of the one variety (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Table step one [on the web just] ). Utilising the jackknife 1 and 2 spiders, the bee kinds richness is actually projected getting anywhere between ± 9.89 and you can ± . New noticed fullness thus illustrated 71.step three to 79.6% of your own projected bee richness ( Dining table dos). The Chao1 approach estimated the brand new noticed fullness to get 76.8% of the prospective maximum richness ( Desk 2). The most plentiful types is actually Apis mellifera L. (276 someone), followed by Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you can 168 somebody, respectively), and you can Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 somebody). Ultimately, fifty types (26%) was basically illustrated by only one individual (singletons).
Ecological Faculties of Bees
About your environment characteristics from nesting preferences, i recognized 59 solitary bee varieties nesting significantly more than floor, ninety five unmarried bee variety nesting below ground and 23 cleptoparasitic types, equal to 30.eight, 47.9, and you may a dozen.0% of your own total bee kinds richness, correspondingly. We understood five public kinds (bumble bees and you will honey bees-dos.1%). Fundamentally, the brand new nesting needs out-of fourteen kinds remain not familiar (seven.3%- Supp Table 1 [on line simply] ). About your flowery diet plan away from bee types, i discovered that 105 varieties (54.7%) foraged with the a variety of bush varieties (i.elizabeth., generalist variety, polylectic) and you may 51 kinds (26.5%) foraged on a single bush family relations otherwise one to/few bush types (i.age., specialist variety, oligolectic). With the leftover 36 bee kinds (18.8%), new flowery diet was not understood (elizabeth.g., to own cleptoparasitic varieties). Yet not, most generalist types demonstrated a preference for just one or a number of plant household ( Supp Dining table 1 [online merely] ). To the forty two singletons, 14 bee variety (28%) was gurus, and 9 bee kinds (18%) have been cleptoparasitic ( Supp Table 1 [online simply] ).
An enthusiastic IUCN condition is designed for 178 varieties (leaving out the brand new kinds buildings and unknown types). One particular, 47 varieties was indeed classified once the data lacking (DD-26.4%), 124 species was indeed the very least worried (LC-69.6%), half dozen species have been close threatened (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you will L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and one varieties are considered threatened (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table step 1 [on the internet simply] ). About three oligolectic varieties was among the eight endangered bee variety. A. ovatula and you will C. albomaculatus are gurus to Popular datings dating sites your Fabaceae, D. argentata is actually a specialist with the Caprifoliaceae.
Regarding 2009 to help you 2018, 38 species of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) had been stuck in the Calanques National Playground. They belonged to help you twenty-four genera ( Supp Table 2 [on the web simply] ). The absolute most numerous genera have been Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 someone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (14 individuals), and you may Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville in Latreille, 1828 (thirteen somebody), while 20 species (53%) was portrayed by the singular individual ( Supp Table dos [on the internet simply] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) was portrayed from the 20 kinds, plus four singletons (25%) ( Supp Table step three [on line merely] ). This new quote regarding complete varieties fullness out-of hover flies and you can bee flies was ranging from 83 and you can 97 variety using the jackknife step one and you can dos indexes, respectively. For that reason, brand new noticed fullness portrayed 59.8–69.9% of projected hover travel and you may bee travel fullness ( Dining table 2).